Cấu Trúc Giả Định As if/ As though/ Would Rather / It’s High Time

Trong các bài viết về Câu điều kiện, Câu ao ước hay If only, chúng ta thường bắt gặp những cấu trúc giả định hay còn gọi là [bàng thái cách]. Trong bài viết hôm nay, Kienthuctienganh sẽ tiếp tục giới thiệu các cấu trúc giả định thường gặp khác trong tiếng Anh. Rất mong các bạn sẽ đón nhận nhiệt tình chuỗi kiến thức này nhé!

II. Cấu trúc giả định với “Would rather”

Would rather ('d rather) = would sooner: Muốn

1. Cùng một chủ ngữ

a. Diễn tả mong muốn ở hiện tại:

Ví dụ:
He would rather eat cakes than eat candies. (Anh ta muốn anh bánh hơn ăn kẹo.)

b. Diễn tả mong muốn ở quá khứ:

Ví dụ:
He would rather have gone to the supermarket yesterday. (Ngày hôm qua, anh ta muốn đi siêu thị.)

a. Diễn tả mong muốn ở hiện tại: Có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ví dụ:
I would rather that you call me tomorrow. (Tôi muốn mai bạn gọi cho tôi.)
He would rather that I not take this train. (Anh ta muốn tôi đừng bắt chuyến tàu này.)

b. Diễn tả mong muốn trái với thực tế ở hiện tại:

Ví dụ:
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does. (Henry muốn bạn gái của anh ấy làm cùng cơ quan với anh.)
Jane would rather that it were winter now. (Jane muốn bây giờ là mùa đông.)

c. Diễn tả mong muốn trái với thực tế ở quá khứ:

Ví dụ:
Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday. (Bob muốn Jill ngày hôm qua đi học, nhưng thực tế thì hôm qua Jill không đi học.)

III. Cấu trúc giả định với “It’s high time” (đã đến lúc...)

Ví dụ:
It is time for me to get to the airport. (Đã đến lúc tôi phải đi ra sân bay rồi.)

Lưu ý: Dù động từ trong công thức được chia ở thì quá khứ, nhưng ý nghĩa của câu vẫn ở hiện tại.

Ví dụ:
It’s high time we went home. (Đã đến lúc chúng ta cần về nhà.)

Ví dụ:
It's about time you focused on your work. Everything seems so bad.
(Đã đến lúc bạn phải thật sự tập trung vào công việc. Mọi thứ bây giờ rất tệ.)

IV. Bài tập câu ghép

Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb:
1. Sue went to France this year, but she says she would sooner ______ (go) to Spain.
2. John had better ______(not/speak) to me like that again.
3. She would prefer to meet you personally rather than ______ (talk) to you over the phone.
4. Sean prefers playing football to ______ (watch) it.
5. Would you rather ______ (write) in ink or in pencil?
6. Sheila prefers ______ (get up) early in the morning rather than ______ (oversleep)
7. Would he prefer ______ (drive) to work tomorrow rather than cycle?
8. I would rather ______(speak) directly to the manager than ______(deal) with his rude secretary as I did.
9. My father prefers to have a beard rather than ______(have) a shave every day.
10. Tom prefers ______ (ski) to ______(skate).
11. Wouldn’t you prefer to sit on this seat rather than ______(stand) for the whole journey?
12. We’d better ______ (take) some money for a taxi in case we ______(miss) the bus home.

Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verb:
1. I’d rather you ______ (not/drive) so fast
2. It’s a shame you missed the party; I would rather you ______ (be) there.
3. I’d rather you ______ (not/mention) this to anyone until next week.
4. Tim’s mother would rather he______ (work) closer to home than he does.
5. Greg says he would rather _____ (not/leave) things as they are.
6. We would rather (stay) _____ home tonight.
7. Mr. Jones would rather (stay) ______ home last night.
8. We would rather (drink) ______ coffee than tea.
9. The photographer would rather that we (stand) ______ closer together than we are standing.
10. Carmen would rather (cook) ______ for the entire family.
11. She would rather you (not arrive) ______ last night.
12. John would rather he (sleep) ______ than worked last night.
13. George would rather he (be) ______ free tomorrow.
14. Mary would rather that she (not, fail) ______ the test yesterday.
15. I would rather that I (invite) ______ her to my birthday party last Sunday.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences using “It’s (high) time”:
1. We should do something about it now.
__________________________________________________________
2. We ought to find out why she is in Moscow.
__________________________________________________________
3. When is the council going to do something about the city's traffic problems?
__________________________________________________________
4. He had better get back to work.
__________________________________________________________
5. The government should really do something about air pollution.
__________________________________________________________
6. The children should start doing their homework now.
__________________________________________________________
7. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.
__________________________________________________________
8. We'd better buy a new cooker.
___________________________________________________________________
9. I had better get back to work.
__________________________________________________________
10. You really should be able to dress yourself by now.
__________________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences using “as if/ as though”:
1. I had a feeling that I was walking in the air.
→ I felt as though_________________________________________
2. He spent his money like a prince.
→ He spent his money as if____________________________________
3. He spent his money like a billionaire.
→ He spent his money as if____________________________________
4. English is not her native tongue.
→ She speaks English as if___________________________________
5. My head seems to be on fire now.
→ I feel as if_____________________________________________
6. I had a feeling that I was walking in the air.
→ I felt as though__________________________________________
7. He spent his money like a prince.
→ He spent his money as if __________________________________
8. You speak like a prophet.
→ You speak as though______________________________________
9. She pretended not to know me.
→ She looked as if she_______________________________________
10. She made up like an actress.
→ She made up as if________________________________________

Exercise 5: Supply the correct forms of the verbs in brackets:
1. Henry talks to his dog as if it (understand) ______him.
2. It’s time we all (go) ______now.
3. I’d rather you (go) ______now.
4. He acts as if he (know) ______English perfectly.
5. It’s high time you (get) ______the tea ready.
6. I’d rather you (pay) ______ me now.
7. It’s high time you (have) ______a haircut.
8. He was wet as if he (swim) ______ for hours.
9. She acted as if she (meet) ______him before.
10. Jack spent his money as if he (win) ______a lottery.

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words given:
1. Bill doesn’t work hard.
- I’d rather___________________________________________
2. He drives too fast.
- I’d rather___________________________________________
3. He didn’t want to pay his debts.
- I’d rather___________________________________________
4. We must set out, it is a little late.
- It’s high time___________________________________________
5. You should review your lessons for the exams.
- It’s time ___________________________________________
6. He smokes a great deal. I’d like he gives up smoking.
- I’d rather___________________________________________
7. He should call me on the phone.
- It’s time ___________________________________________
8. We must start working now.
- It’s high time___________________________________________
9. We should solve this problem.
- It’s time __________________________________________
10. She talks too much.
- I’d rather___________________________________________

Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb:
1. go
2. not speak
3. to talk
4. watching
5. write
6. to get up/ to oversleep
7. to drive
8. speak/ deal
9. have
10. skiing/ skating
11. stand
12. take/ miss

Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verb:
1. didn’t drive
2. had been
3. wouldn’t mention
4. worked
5. didn’t leave
6. stay
7. have gone
8. drink
9. stood
10. cook
11. hadn’t arrived
12. had slept
13. be
14. hadn’t failed
15. had invited

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences using “It’s (high) time”:
1. It's time we did something about it.
2. It's time we found out why she is in Moscow.
3. It's high time something was done about the city's traffic problems by the council.
4. It's high time he got back to work.
5. It's high time the government did something about air pollution.
6. It is time for children to start doing their homework now.
7. It's about time to acquire a few manners.
8. It's high time to buy a new cooker.
9. It's time for me to get back to work.
10. It's about time for you to dress yourself by now.

Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences using “as if/ as though”:
1. I felt as though I was walking in the air.
2. He spent his money as if he had been a prince.
3. He spent his money as if he had been a billionaire .
4. She speaks English as if English were her native tongue.
5. I felt as if my head were on fire now.
6. I felt as though I were walking in the air.
7. He spent his money as if he were a prince.
8. You speak as though you were a prophet.
9. She looked as if she hadn’t known me.
10. Mary dressed up as if she were a queen.

Exercise 5: Supply the correct forms of the verbs in brackets:
1. understood
2. went
3. went
4. got
5. knew
6. paid
7. had
8. had swum
9. had met
10. had won

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words given:
1. I’d rather Bill worked hard.
2. I’d rather he didn’t drive too fast.
3. I’d rather he wanted to pay his debts.
4. It’s high time we set out.
5. It’s time you reviewed your lessons.
6. I’d rather he gave up smoking.
7. It’s time he called me on the phone.
8. It’s high time we started working now.
9. It’s time we solved this problem.
10. I’d rather she didn’t talk too much.

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