Mục lục
Chào các bạn, Kienthuctienganh hôm nay xin phép tiếp tục với một chủ đề mới cũng rất thường gặp trong tiếng Anh phổ thông cũng như giao tiếp. Đó chính là cách sử dụng các liên từ So, Therefore, But, However. Hi vọng qua bài viết này, các bạn sẽ không bị nhầm lẫn nữa nhé.
I. Phân biệt So và Therefore
1. So
Clause1, so + clause2
Ví dụ:
- I am sick now, so I can’t do my homework. (Bây giờ tôi cảm thấy mệt, vì vậy tôi không thể làm bài tập.)
Lưu ý:
Ta vẫn có thể dùng câu mệnh lệnh bắt đầu bằng động từ nguyên mẫu không có “to” sau liên từ “so” chỉ kết quả.
Ví dụ:
- I’ve run out of milk so please give me more. (Tôi uống hết sữa rồi, vậy làm ơn cho tôi thêm chút nữa.)
2. Therefore
Clause1; therefore, clause2
Ví dụ:
I was so angry with his behavior; therefore, I decided to leave without saying anything. (Tôi đã quá tức giận về thái độ của anh ta, vì thế tôi đã quyết định bỏ đi mà không nói tiếng nào.)
3. Giống và khác nhau
Giống nhau: về nghĩa thì cả 2 từ này đều mang nghĩa là “vì thế, vì vậy”.
Khác nhau:
So | Therefore |
|---|---|
- Không đứng đầu câu mà chỉ đứng giữa câu, trước “so” có dấu phẩy (,). | - Nếu đứng đầu câu thì sau therefore có dấu phẩy. |
- So thường được dùng trong văn nói, không trang trọng. | - Therefore thường được dùng trong văn viết, trang trọng hơn. |
II. Phân biệt But và However
1. But
Clause1, but + clause2
Ví dụ:
This hotel is not large, but it’s so modern. (Khách sạn này thì không quá lớn nhưng nó khá là hiện đại.)
2. However
Clause1; However, clause2
Ví dụ:
I am good at math; however, my best friend, Minh is better than me. (Tôi giỏi toán; tuy nhiên, người bạn thân của tôi, Minh còn giỏi hơn tôi.)
3. Giống và khác nhau
Giống nhau: về nghĩa thì cả 2 từ này đều mang nghĩa là “nhưng, tuy nhiên”.
Khác nhau:
But | However |
|---|---|
- Không đứng đầu câu mà chỉ đứng giữa câu, trước “but” có dấu phẩy (,). | - Nếu đứng đầu câu thì sau however có dấu phẩy. |
- But thường được dùng trong văn nói, không trang trọng. | - However thường được dùng trong văn viết, trang trọng hơn. |
III. Bài tập
Exercise 1: Add so, but, therefore, however where appropriate.
1. The wind was howling outside, _____it was warm and comfortable indoor.
2. The highway was under construction, _____we had to take a different route to work.
3. You could fly via Singapore; _____, this isn't the only way.
4. There is still much to discuss. We shall, _____, return to this item at our next meeting.
5. It isn't that he lied exactly, _____he did tend to exaggerate.
6. I thought the plane would be delayed; _____, I bought a lot of magazines to read.
7. Jackson was going to study all night, _____ he declined our invitation to dinner.
8. We thought the figures were correct. _____, we have now discovered some errors.
9. Cars have become more complicated.______, mechanics need more training than in the past.
10. We arrived at the theater late. _______, the play had not yet begun. We were quite surprised.
11. Prices have been rising. It is unlikely, _____,that this increase will continue.
12. The bread was old and stale, _____Martha ate it anyway.
13. The holiday had been a complete disaster. We, _____decide to fly home early if we could.
14. He failed the exam, _____ he had to do the job he didn't like.
15. They hoped to climb the mountain by August. _______bad weather could be a hindrance.
16. This is the shortest way to the city center; _____ it is not the only way
17. The boy was able to learn English, _____ he is very lazy.
18. He didn't attend the lesson, _____ he could not do his homework.
19. The rice is 6000 dong per kilo, _____ we bought 10 kilos.
20. Your son is heading to the right direction; _____, I think you should encourage him to learn harder.
21. It is very late now, _____ she is still at her office.
22. It was midnight, _____ they closed the restaurant and went home.
23. They visited many stores; ___________, they could not find what they were looking for.
24. We discussed the issue all day, _____ we could not come to a final conclusion.
25. It started to rain hard; _____we decided to stay at home to watch TV.
26. The sun was warm, ____________ a cool breeze blew in from the sea.
27. I have read this book before; ____________, I do not remember the plot.
28. We opened the window, ____________ fresh air would blow into the room.
29. The bus fare is expensive; ____________, I prefer to walk.
30. I wanted to study. _____, I was too tired.
Exercise 2: Choose the best option
1. I want to work as an interpreter in the future, ________ I am studying Russian at university.
A. but B. so C. however D. therefore
2. I am going shopping for food this evening, ________ I do not have to go at the weekend.
A. so B. but C. however D. moreover
3. We live in the same building, ________ we have hardly seen each other
A. and B. therefore C. but D. so
4. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, ________ the shop didn't have it.
A. and B. but C. therefore D. so
5. Anna needed some money, ________, she took a part-time job.
A. furthermore B. moreover C. however D. therefore
6. Julie has a guitar, ________ she plays it badly.
A. and B. so C. but D. therefore
7. My fingers were injured,________ my sister had to write the note for me.
A. and B. however C. so D. but
8. The concert was cancelled, ________ we went to a nightclub instead.
A. so B. however C. so on D. but
9. He is only sixteen, and ________, he is not eligible to drive a car.
A. nevertheless B. but C. therefore D. however
10. Maria tried to read a novel in French, ________ the book was too difficult for her to understand.
A. so that B. therefore C. but D. and
IV. Đáp án
Exercise 1: Add so, but, therefore, however where appropriate.
1. But
2. So
3. However
4. Therefore
5. But
6. Therefore
7. So
8. However
9. Therefore
10. However
11. However
12. But
13. So
14. So
15. However
16. However
17. But
18. So
19. So
20. Therefore
21. But
22. So
23. However
24. But
25. So
26. But
27. However
28. So
29. Therefore
30. However
Exercise 2: Choose the best option
1. B. so
2. A. so
3. C. but
4. B. but
5. D. therefore
6. C. but
7. C. so
8. B. however
9. C. therefore
10. C. but
Nếu cảm thấy bài viết có ích, bạn hãy chia sẻ cho bạn bè cùng nhau học tập. Đó chính là động lực to lớn để Kienthuctienganh tiếp tục xuất bản nhiều bài viết giá trị hơn. Ngoài ra, các bạn có thể xem các bài học khác trong chuyên mục ngữ pháp tiếng Anh được tổng hợp rất đầy đủ và khoa học tại đây. Chúc các bạn học tốt!
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